The Russian Welfare State System: With Special Reference to Regional Inequality
Published 19.8.2019
Abstract
Russia’s transition from a socialist system to a market economy resulted in an exceptionally dramatic social crisis. Increases in poverty, inequality and mortality are its indicators. In the center of the so-called post-socialist welfare crisis is the severe demographic crisis that Russia has been facing: a low birth rate combined with a low life expectancy – especially of Russian men, which reached as low as 57 years in 1994 – led to unequaled depopulation of 700,000 people per year at its worst. This is a far more severe population decline than in any other industrialized country in peacetime.
Authors
Markus Kainu, Meri Kulmala, Jouko Nikula, Markku Kivinen
Additional Information
- Peer-Reviewed: yes.
- Open Access: no.
- Cite as: Kainu, M., Kulmala, M., Nikula, J., & Kivinen, M. (2017). The Russian Welfare State System: With Special Reference to Regional Inequality. In C. Aspalter (Ed.). The Routledge international handbook to welfare state systems (Pp. 291–316). Routledge.